Urban poverty and health in developing countries: household and neighborhood effects.
نویسندگان
چکیده
In the United States and other high-income countries, there is intense scholarly and programmatic interest in the effects of household and neighborhood living standards on health. Yet few studies of developing-country cities have explored these issues. We investigated whether the health of urban women and children in poor countries is influenced by both household and neighborhood standards of living. Using data from the urban samples of 85 Demographic and Health Surveys and modeling living standards using factor-analytic MIMIC methods, we found that the neighborhoods of relatively poor households are more heterogeneous than is often asserted. Our results indicated that poor urban households do not tend to live in uniformly poor neighborhoods: about 1 in 10 of a poor household's neighbors is relatively affluent, belonging to the upper quartile of the urban distribution of living standards. Do household and neighborhood living standards influence health? Using multivariate models, we found that household living standards are closely associated with three health measures: unmet need for modern contraception, attendance of a trained health care provider at childbirth, and young children's height for age. Neighborhood living standards exert a significant additional influence in many of the surveys we examined, especially for birth attendance.
منابع مشابه
The Relationship between Urban Poverty and Poverty Culture in the Slum Areas of Arak
Expended Abstract Introduction: Urban neighborhoods are a symbol of urban poverty and its spread over time, mainly due to over-migrations, economic fluctuations, the rapid growth of urbanization, and the neglect of the housing and shelter needs of low-income groups. The World Commission for the Future of Cities in the 21st Century warned that, as urban superlife grows, urban poverty in souther...
متن کاملThe Relationship between Urban Poverty and Poverty Culture in the Slum Areas of Arak
Expended Abstract Introduction: Urban neighborhoods are a symbol of urban poverty and its spread over time, mainly due to over-migrations, economic fluctuations, the rapid growth of urbanization, and the neglect of the housing and shelter needs of low-income groups. The World Commission for the Future of Cities in the 21st Century warned that, as urban superlife grows, urban poverty in souther...
متن کاملLooking Beneath the Urban Averages: The Effects of Household and Neighborhood Poverty and City Size on Health (Abstract)
For the foreseeable future, world population growth will be mainly concentrated in the cities of developing countries. According to the United Nations (2000), by the year 2030 the world’s population will exceed today’s total by 2.06 billion persons, and some 1.94 billion of these will be added to the urban areas of lowincome countries. By 2030, it is believed, all developing regions will have c...
متن کاملLooking Beneath the Urban Averages: The Effects of Household and Neighborhood Poverty on Health
متن کامل
A Brief Overview on Poverty in Iran: Comparison With the World
Poverty is a multi-dimensional problem and various researchers, based on their field, have investigated different aspects of poverty. Moreover, poverty, as a global problem, could be an interesting subject for both developed and developing countries. In recent decades, both international org...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Demography
دوره 42 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005